A  SURVEY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES AND THE BIBLE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD

Henry Martyn

IN PROGRESS 2008-9

        GENERAL AND MISCELLANY

Church Missionary

Church Missionary Atlas, containing an Account of the Various Countries in which the Church Missionary Society labours and of its Missionary Operations, London 1896/8

Church Missionary Society (Hg.), One Hundred Years, being the Short History of the Church Missionary Society, London 1898

 

ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

al‑Hairi,  `Abd al‑Hadi.

  • 1993      `Reflections on the Shi`ī Responses to Missionary Thought and Activities in the Safavid Period’ in Etudes Safavides  ed. J. Calmard. Paris/Tehran.

 

Jessup, Henry Harris (b. Montrose, Pennsylvania (USA) 1832- d. Beirut 1910),

 

Presbyterian missionary in Syria and Lebanon (BDCM:331)

  • http://webtext.library.yale.edu/xml2html/divinity.117.con.html
  • The Mohammedan Missionary Problem. ADD 1879
  • The Greek Church and Protestant Missions. ADD 1891
  • Kamil Abdul Messiah :The Setting of the Crescent and the Rising of the Cross.  ADD 1899
  • Fifty-Three Years in Syria. 2 vols. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1910

Gairdner, William, Henry Temple (            ).

  • The Reproach of Islam. London, 1909.
  • History of the Church Missionary Society, in: MW 7/1917 ,8. 303-306

       al-Kairānawī  = 

Maulānā Raḥmat-Allāh ibn Khalīl [al-`Uthmānī] al-Kairānawī  [al-Hindi]  (b. ADD 1818 d. Mecca 1891)

Rahmatullah ibn Khalīl al-'Uthmānī al-Kairãnawĩ.

An Indian Shī`ī Muslim theologian and apologist famous for his April 10th-11th 1854 debate in Agra with the German missionary K. G. Pfander (d.1865) author of the anti-Islamic missionary tract Mizan al-haqq ("The Balance of Truth", German 1865 many trans. see below) and for his subsequent composition of the defensive [Kitāb] Iẓhār al-ḥaqq ("The Disclosure of the True Reality", 1st ed. Arabic 1867) (see below). By the mid. 1850s with the Bengali physician Muhammad Wazīr Khān he may also have written three polemical Christian works (so Schirrmacher, 1999:272).

al-Kairānāwī  [= al-Hindī], Raḥmat-Allāh ibn Khalīl al-Raḥmān  al-Uthmānī, (1817-1891). A learned Shī`ī Muslim scholar most famous for his debate with Pfander (see below) and his authorship of the Iẓhār al-ḥaqq written in response to the latter’s Mīzān al-ḥaqq. (On his person and mss. and printed writings see  Schirmacher 1992: 397-398,  

Writings of Raḥmat-Allāh al-Kairānawī,

  • I`jāz-i `Isāwī  ("The Jesus-like Inimitability"?) [Urdu] Agra, 1854 rep. Delhi, 1876.

  • I'jāz-i 'Îsawî. Agra 1853; repr. Delhi 1876.

 

 The Arabic Iẓhār al-ḥaqq (“The Demonstration of the Truth”).

 A work was written at the request of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz I (1861-1876). 

  • 1280/1867-8 -  [Kitāb] Iẓhār al-ḥaqq.  1st  Arabic ed. [Constantinople] Istanbul, 1280/1867.

  • 1280/1867 -  Izhār al-ḥaqq [Arabic], al-Jild al-awwal [-al-jild al-thānī] min Iẓhār al-ḥaqq. Cairo:  al-Maṭba`ah al-Amirah.   2 vols.  288 & 285 pp.  [Copy at Yale Univ. Lib.].

·  1978 Iẓhār al-ḥaqq  [Rep. Arabic 2 vols. in 1) with preface by ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd  and (ed.)  Muḥammad Kamāl Farrāj. Cairo: Tawzīʿ al-Ahrām.  

  • al-Saqqā, Aḥmad Ḥijāzī (ed.) Raḥmat-Allāh al-Hindī. Iẓhār al-ḥaqq. 3 vols. [Check] Cairo: Dār al-Turath al-`Arabī li'l-Ṭibā`a wa'l-Nasr, 1978.

·  1989 [=1410] Iẓhār al-ḥaqq..  ed. Muḥammad Aḥmad `Abd al-Qādir Khalīl Makāwī.  4 Vols. Riyad: al-Idārah al-`Āma li-al-Ṭab` wa’l-Tarjuma.1410/1989.

·  1994 Iẓhār al-ḥaqq : adaqq dirāsah naqdīyah fī ithbāt wuqū` al-taḥrīf wa-al-naskh fī al-Tawrāh wa-al-Injīl. ed. Muḥammad Aḥmad Muḥammad `Abd al-Qādir Khalīl Malkāwī.  4 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth.

  • 1996  Hindī, `Abd Allāh, Jābī, Bassām `Abd al-Wahhāb Khāulī, Rifā`åi Waqā`i` : al-Munāẓarah allatī jarrat bayna al-Shaykh Raḥmat Allāh al-Hindī  wa al-Qissās Fandar al-Inkilīzī.  Limassol, Cyprus + Beirut  Lebanon: al-Jaffān wa-al-Jābī ; Dār al-Bashā`ir al-Islāmiyyah.  207 pp. (trans. from Urdu to Arabic?).

French Translation

Carletti, P.V. (French trans.), 1880

  • Idh-har-ul-Haqq ou Manifestation dela Vérité. 2 vols. Paris: ADD., 1880

  • French trans, by P. V. Carletti: Idh-har-ul-Haqq ou Manifestation de la Vérité, 2 vols. Paris, 1880.

  • Idh-har-ul-haqq, ou, Manifestation de la vérité de el-Hage Rahmat-Ullah Efendi de Delhi (un des descendants du calife 'Osman-ben-'Affan) ; traduit de l'arabe par un jeune Tunisien ; revu et corrigé sur le texte, et augmenté d'une préface, d'un appendice et de quelques notes par P.V. Carletti Imprint Paris : E. Leroux, 1880

  • 1880 French trans.  Idh-har-ul-haqq, ou, Manifestation de la vérité… de el-Hage Rahmat-Ullah Efendi de Delhi (un des descendants du calife *Osman-ben-*Affan); traduit de l'arabe par un jeune Tunisien; revu et corrigé sur le texte, et augmenté d'une préface, d'un appendice et de quelques notes par P.V. Carletti. 23 cm.  2 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1880.

English translation [from Urdu]

  • 1989 / 1409  Izhar ul haq (Basic Teachings)  M. Rahmatullah Kairanvi (sic.). Parts I & II  Eng. trans. Muhammad Wali Raazi  + notes by Shaykh Muhammad Taqī Uthmānī

  • 1990-X  Izhar ul haq (Basic Teachings)  [sic.] M. Rahmatullah Kairanvi (sic.) English trans. 3-4 vols. Pt. 4. Pt.3.  London: Ta-Ha Publishers, 1990. 176pp.

  • 2003   Izhar-ul-haq (Basic Teachings) [M. Rahmatullah Kairanvi, sic.] 3 vols in 1. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. xvi + 472 pp. PBk = ISBN 1-842000-4-62. Contains an introduction (= pp. ix-xii) by Syed Hasan Mohammad Kutbi (Former Minister of Haj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) and a two page Forward (pp. xv-xvi). 

Other  Translations:

Turkish

Persian

Urdu

Powell, Ann. Avril.

  • 1976 `Maulānā Raḥmat Allāh Kairānawī and Muslim-Christian Controversy in India in the mid. nineteenthCentury' JRAS 20/1 (1976), 42-63.

  • 1983 Contact and controversy between Islam and Christianity in northern India, 1833-1857: The relations between Muslims and Protestant missionaries in  north-western provinces and Oudh. Ph. D Thesis, University of London, 1983.

  • 1993 Muslims and Missionaries in Pre-Mutiny India . Richmond: Curzon Press.

Schirrmacher, Christine.

            Mit den Waffen des Gengers: ADD  1992.

`The Influence of Higher Bible Criticism on Muslim Apologetics in the Nineteenth Century' in Jacques Waardenburg (ed.) `Muslim Perceptions of Other Religions, A Historical Survey. NY. Oxford: OUP., 1999, pp. 270-279.

 

Samuel Lee (1783-1852)

Samuel Lee was a carpenter's apprentice from Shropshire who became something of a polyglot orientalist. He taught himself Hebrew Latin and  Greek by means of  secondhand books coming to enter Cambridge University  when 30 years old.  Within six years he became professor of Arabic later becoming the occupant of the prestigious regius chair in Hebrew.

Lee, Samuel. 1824

  • Controversial Tracts on Christianity and Mohammedanism by the late Rev. Henry Martyn, B.D... and some of the most eminent writers of Persia translated and explained. Cambridge: 1824..

  • (trans.) The travels of Ibn Batuta, translated from the abridged Arabic manuscript copies, preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge. With notes, illustrative of the history, geography, botany, antiquities, &c. occurring throughout the work, by the Rev. Samuel Lee . Oriental Translation Fund Publications ; 1. London : Printed for the Oriental translation committee, and sold by J. Murray etc., 1829.

 

James Lyman Merrick (b. Monson [Mass. USA] 1803 d. 1866)

A graduate of Amherst College (1830) and Columbia  Seminary (S. Carolina) (1833) Merrick was ordained in Charleston in 1834. An American Congregational missionary in 19th cent. Persia he was from 1849-64 the pastor of a Congregationalist Church in South Amherst Mass. USA. (BDCN:455). Working under the ABCFM  from 1834 he surveyed the scene respecting a missionary enterprise in Persia. In this connection he visited Turkey (Constantinople) in  Nov. 1834 where he studied Turkish (widely spoken in N.W. Persia) subsequently travelling to Tabriz (Autumn, 1835). In 1836 he visited Tehran with 

  • ADD

William McElwee Miller   (1892-1993).

Lifelong anti-Bahā'ī American Presbyterian missionary . He was active as a missionay in Persia-Iran for forty-three years (BDCM:459-60).

        Miller, William M.

  • Ten Muslims Meet Christ. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969
  • The Baha'i Faith, Its Hidtory and Teachings. South Pasedina, California: William Carey Library, 1974.*
  • What is the Baha'i Faith? Abridged by William Wysham. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.  1977. (151pp.).*
  • A Christian's Response to Islam. Nutley, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1977
  •  My Persian Pilgrimage: An Autobiography. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1995
  • Beliefs and Practices of Christians. Toronto, ON: Fellowship of Faith for the Muslims, 1996.
  • Tales of Persia, A Book for Children. Illustrated by Lily Melton. Phillipsburg, New Jersey: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1979 (145pp.). *
  • Tales of Persia, Missionary Storied from Islamic Iran. Illus. Bruce Van Patter (163pp.).*

Miller, Maxime, Adams.

  • Bright Blue Beads, American Family in Persia. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1965. (329pp.).*

 

Muir, William ( add-ADD)

1894 The Beacon of Truth, or Testimony of the Coran to the Truth of the Christian Religion, London 1894

  • 1897 [1979] The Mohammedan Controversy, Allahabad 1897 + Edinburgh 1979. *

  • Correspondence from Agra during the Mutiny, Edinburgh 1899

  • Records of the Intelligence Department of the Government of the North-West Provinces of India during the Mutiny of 1857, 9 Vols., Edinburgh 1902.

  • The Mohammedan Controversy, Biographies of Mohammed, Sprenger on Tradition, the Indian Liturgy, and the Psalter. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark., 1897

    • Pfander, Carl, Gottlieb (b. Wurttemberg 1803[5]-1865),

    A German Protestant missionary polemicist, educated at the Basel Evangelical Missionary Seminary. Schooled in Arabic, Persian and Turkish he  served the with Basel Mission for 12 years (1825-1837) and then the British Church Missionary Society becoming operative in central Asia; especially Armenia and Muslim India, Persia and Turkey.

    At Agra and Peshawar in India Pfander engaged in public debates, his most famous being with the learned Shī`ī Muslim scholar Raḥmat-Allāh ibn Khalīl al-Raḥmān  al-Uthmānī, al-Kairanāwī  [= al-Hindī] (1817-1891). After the Indian Uprising of 1858 Pfander was transferred to Constantinople-Istanbul, later retiring to England where he died.

    Schirrmacher, Christine.

    • Mit den Waffen des Gegners: Christlich-Muslimische Kontroversen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, dargestellt am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzung um Karl Gottlieb Pfanders 'mīzān al-haqq ՝ und Rahmatullah ibn Khalīl al-'Utmānī al-Kairanawls 'izhâr al-haqq ՝ und der Diskussion über das Barnabasevangelium. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1992.

    Dilger, A.,

    • Basler Missionsgesellschaft, hi: RGG/1, Tübingen 1986/3, pp. 914-16
    • Basler Missionsgesellschaft in: LThK/2, Freiburg 1957/1986,
    • Basler Mission, in: Brunotte, Heinz; Weber, Otto (Hg.), Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon, Göttingen 1956, pp. 329-32

     

     Mīzān al-ḥaqq (“The Balance of the Truth”) Shusha (Russian Armenia), 1829

          Pfander’s influential ميزان الحق Mīzān al-ḥaqq (“The Balance of the Truth”), a defence of biblical revelation and integrity countering Islamic views of biblical taḥrīf (falsification, corruption) and the veracity of the Qur’an and prophethood of Muhammad, was originally written in German at Shusha (Russian Armenia) in 1829.  Select printed editions include:

    ·   1831 Armenian. Mīzān al-ḥaqq   1st ed. pub. Shusha (+ Moscow?).  

    ·   1832 1st Transcaucasian Turkish [Azari] ed.

    ·   1835 Arabic [Persian?], Mizan ul haqq = Balance of truth or, A comparison of the Gospel and the Koran. ed. Shoosha [= Shusha].  23cm. Copy at Yale Univ. Lib. American Oriental Society, Room 329.

    URDU TRANSLATION

    ·         1840 1st Urdu ed.  Calcutta/ Mizanpur+  (Agra 1843; 1850)…

    ·         1862 Trans. By Pfander. London: W.M. Watts. 2[3]39 pp.

    PERSIAN TRANSLATION

    · 1836 = 1st Persian ed. of Mizān al-ḥaqq.  Shusha.

    • 1839 (?)  Mīzān al-ḥaqq. 2nd. Persian ed. Calcutta: 

    • 1849 (?) 2nd ed. Persian ed. Calcutta.

    •  1849.  3rd. ed. Agra [Peshawar?]

    • 1855 + ??

    • 1862 [4?] Persian ed. ? London

    1934 Persian rev. ed. URL =

     http://www.muhammadanism.org/farsi/book/mizan_ul_haqq/mizan_ul_haqq_farsi_1.pdf

    TURKISH TRANSLATION

    ·  1861 1st Ottoman Turkish ed. Kitab-i Mizan ül-hak = Kitāb-i Mizān ul-haqq. Londra: Vilyam Vats nam basmac*n*n ... matbaas*nda (Copy in Princeton).                                Constantinople- London (+1931?). 265pp. 17 cm.

    ARABIC TRANSLATION

    • 1865 = 1st Arabic ed.  Mīzān al-ḥaqq . Jerusalem

    • 1874 ADD?

    • 1888 = Arabic Kitāb Mīzān al-ḥaqq.  Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 240pp.

    • 1923 2nd Arabic ed. Cairo: Maṭba`at al-Nīl al-Masīḥiyyah.  484 pp.

    ENGLISH TRANSLATION

    ·  1866+1867 1st English trans. R. H. Weakley = Mizan Ul Haqq; or Balance of Truth ... [Mizan ul haqq; or, balance of truth] London: Church Missionary House. 134pp. x

    Copy in Oxford, Bodleian BOD Bookstack 141 i.40 Bodleian BOD Bookstack 141 i.40 Indian Inst. IND Nuneham 100 A 22  = 1866  x +326pp.

    · 1910  Rev. English trans. THE MIZANU'L HAQQ (Balance of Truth) by C. G. Pfander, D.D. Thoroughly Revised and Enlarged by W. St. Clair Tisdall, M. A. D. D. London : The Religious Tract Society, 1910  (370pp.)

    URL =  http://answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Pfander/Balance/index.htm

    ·  1976 The Mizanu'l haqq : (The Mohammedan controversy). New Delhi: Indo-Asiatic Publishers

    ·          

    Miftāḥ al-asrār (“The Key to the Mysteries”)  Shusha, (Russian Armenia),1837

    Composed in German at Shusha in 1837 contains a defence of the incarnation and divinity of Jesus and the argues the truth of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity.

    ·    1839 1st Persian ed. Calcutta  + 2nd ed. Agra. 1850.

    ·    1844 (?) 1st Urdu ed.  Agra / Mirzapur;

    • 1850  2nd. rev. ed. Agra 1850.  + London ?1862.

    ·    1861 1st Ottoman Turkish ed. Constantinople-London

    ·   1912 St-Clair-Tisdall, William. rev. English trans. Miftáhu'l-asrár-the Key of Mysteries = MIFTAHU'L-ASRAR (The Key of Mysteries) A TREATISE ON THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY IN UNITY  BY THE LATE REV. DR. PFANDER, C.M.S. Translated and thoroughly revised by THE REV. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL M.A., D.D., C.M.S.  London, Madras and Colombo: Christian Literature Society for India + MADRAS : S.P.C.K. PRESS, VEPERY, 1912 ( [6] 216pp.)

    ·   1912 URL = http://answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Pfander/Key/index.htm

    ·  1921 = 2nd Arabic rev. edit. / trans. Tisdall =  حقوق الطبع محفوظة لمطبعة النيل المسيحية بمصر  Egypt [Cairo]: Christian Literature Society: Nile Mission Press

    ·    URL Arabic  http://www.muhammadanism.org/Pfander/miftahul_arabic/p000.htm

      

    Tarīq al-ḥayāt (“The Path of Life”) Shusha (Russian Armenia), 1837

    The Tarik-ul-Hayat: a treatise on Sin and Redemption, with especial… composed in German at Shusha in 1837 presents the Christian doctrine of salvation as contrasted with the Islamic notion of sin and sinfulness.
     

    PERSIAN

    • 1840 1st Persian ed. Calcutta;

    URDU

    • 1847 2nd. (Persian?) ed. Agra, 1847.
    • 1847   Agra (Brit. Lib.) 1st Urdu ed. Agra.  Lodiana: Printed at the American Presbyterian Mission Press 1853 +4 (?)
    • 1858 ? \

    ENGLISH

    • 1862 4th ed. English tr. London Tariq-ul-hayat. A treatise on sin and redemption, with especial reference to the false views entertained by the Muhammadans on these doctrines. Yale Univ. Lib. = American Oriental Society, Room 329.
    • 1912 Taríqu'l-hyát. The Path of Life ... / TARIQU'L-HYAT (The Path of Life) by C. G. Pfander, D.D. Translated and thoroughly revised by THE REV. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL M.A., D.D., London-Madras-Colombo : C.M.S. Christian Literature Society for India, Vepery printed 1912   (335pp.)

    ·  URL =   http://answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Pfander/Path/index.htm

     

    Remarks on the Nature of Mohammedanism 1840

    • 1840 Remarks on the Nature of Mohammedanism.  Apparently written in English  and first pub. Calcutta: XXX, 1840 + London: XXXX., 1858
    •  (see Schirmacher, 1992, pp. 395). 
    • Ḥall al-ishkāl; a reply to Kashf-ul-Astar [by Muhammad Hādī] … (Urdu) 1st  pub. Agra, 1847  (2 parts in 80pp) + 1877.
    • Iḥtitām dīn-i mubāḥata kā  (Urdu) 1st  pub. Agra, 1855 .
    • 1862 Refī` al-Shubbehāt (“The Dissipation of Doubts” ? Ottoman Turkish) 1st pub. Constantinople+ London, 1862.
    • 1837 “The Tree of Life” (German ms. = “Uber die gottlichen Vorschriften der Bibel”) 1st ed. pub. Shusha: XXX, 1837 + 2nd ed.  (Urdu) Calcutta: XXXX., 1840 (?).
    • 1878 Transcaucasian  (“Ādhirbayjānī”) Turkish New Testament (Bodlein Lib. Oxford) London: XXXX. 

         

    Pfander, Karl Gottlieb (1803-1865),

    • Kitāb mīzān al-haqq (1835). Jerusalem 1865. TransL, by R. H. Weakley: The Mizan ul Hauq: or Balance of Truth. London, 1867.
    • "Pfänder՝s letter of 16th Sept 1862 to the CMS." Doc. No. 63a; Archives of Heslop Room/University of Birmingham (unpublished documents).
       

    Eppler, Christoph Friedrich.

    • D. Kari Gottlieb Pfander: Ein Zeuge der Wahrheit unter den Bekennern des Islam. Basel: Verlag der Missionsbuchhandlung,
      ies in the north-western provinces and Oudh." Ph.D. Diss., London 1983.
    • "The Publishers," Introduction. In C. G. Pfander, D.D., The Mĩzan-ul-Haqq, Balance of Truth. Villach: Lighter Life, 1986.
       

    Eppler, Paul.

    • Geschichte der Basler Mission 1815֊ 1899. Basel: Verlag der Missionsbuchhandlung, 1900.

    Eppler,  Christoph Friedrich,

    • Karl Gottlieb Pfander, ein Zeuge der Wahrheit unter den Bekennern des Islam, in: AMZ 15/1888, pp. 199-200
    • Geschichte der Gründung der armenisch-evangeli¬schen Gemeinde in Schamachi, Basel 1873
    • Karl Gottlieb Pfander, • Ein Zeuge der Wahrheit unter den Bekennern des Islam, Basel 1888

     

    Flachsmeier, Horst R.

    • Geschichte der evangelischen Weltmission. Giessen: Brunnen֊Verlag, 1963.

    Broekema, E. A.,

         • Leven en Werkzaamheden von Karl Gottlieb Pfander (1803-1865), Zendeling onder de Moslims, unveröffentl. 'Doctoraal-Scriptie', Amsterdam 1984
     

    St Clair-Tisdall, William (1859-1928)

    • The Sources of Islam. Edinburgh, Scotland: T & T Clark

    Stern, Henry Aaron (1820-1885)

    • ADD

    Sweetman, J. Windrow

    • 1937/1955. Islam and Christian Theology. Parts 1–2. Missionary Research Series no. 22. London: Lutterworth Press. Thomas, Bertram. 1937.
    • Islam and Christian Theology, A Study of the Interpretation of Theological Ideas in the Two Religions. Part Two, Volume One . Lutterworth Library, Vol. XLV, Missionary Research Series, No. 22.
    • Islam and Christian Theology, A Study of the Interpretation of Theological Ideas in the Two Religions. Part One, Volume II
    • Islam and Christian theology, London-Redhill, 3 vols. (i, 1945)
    • IIslam and Christian Theology, A Study of the Interpretation of Theological Ideas in the Two Religions. Rep.   JAMES CLARKE & CO LTD. ISBN: 0227172019 Pbk. 1st September 2002

    Guillaume, Alfred,

    •  Islam and Christian Theology. A Study of the Interpretation of Theological Ideas in the Two Religions. By J. Windrow Sweetman, in: MW 46/1956.S. 354-355

    Toland, John (1670-1722).

    • Christianity Not Mysterious. London. 1696.
    • John Toland's Christianity Not Mysterious: Text, Associated Works and Critical Essays(Illustrated) Alan Harrison, John Toland, Richard Kearney, Philip McGuinness Hardcover / 339 pp. ,1997  = ISBN 187467597X
    • John Toland's Christianity Not Mysterious: Text, Associated Works and Critical Essays John Toland, Alan Harrison (Editor), Richard Kearney (Editor), Philip McGuinness (Editor) Paperback (339 pp.) / Lilliput Pr Ltd., 1998= ISBN  1874675953.
    • Nazarenus or Jewish, Gentile and Mahometan
    • Christianity. London, 1718.
    • Tetradymus. London, 1720.

    Daniel, Stephen

    • John Toland: His Methods, Manners, and Mind l Hardcover / McGill Queens Univ Pr / June 1984 / 0773510079

    Sullivan, Robert E.

    • John Toland the the Deist Controversy. Harvard Univ. Press, 1982 (355pp.).= ISBN=  0674480503

    Justin Champion

    • Republican Learning: John Toland and the Crisis of Christian Culture, 1696-1722. Manchester Univ Pr., 2003 = ISBN  0719057140

    XXXXXX (?)

    The Theological & Philological Works of the Late Mr. John Toland. Pbk. = ISBN 1402161697

    Evans,  Robert Rees

    • Pantheisticon: The Career of John Toland(Illustrated) (232 pp.) Peter Lang Pub Inc., 1991. ISBN =  082041414X
      List Price $40.95 /

    _____________________

    Wherry, Elwood M.

    • The Mohammedan Controversy. London, 1905.
       

     

    MISCELLANY

     


    Goldziher, Ignaz.

    "Über muhammedanische Polemik gegen Ahl al-kitāb." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 32 (1878), pp. 341-378.


    Hornus, Michael.

    • `Le Protestantisme au Proche-Orient' in Proche Orient Chretien  8(1958) 243-262; 9 (1959), 42-5, 350-357; 10 (1960) 26-41.

    Haddad, Robert M.

    • Syrian Christians in Muslim Society: An Interpretation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U. Press, 1970

     

     

    Muhammad Abu Zahra.

    • muhādarāt fl-n-naşranîya. al-Qahira, third edition 1966.


    Muhammad Rašīd Rida.

    • al-manar 10 (1325-1326).
    • ed. tafslr al-qur'an al-hakīm, vol. 9. al-Qahira 1347/1928.

    Richter, Julius.

    • Mission und Evangelisation im Orient. Gütersloh: C. Berteismann, 1908/1930.


    as-Saqqä, Ahmad Hijāzī,

    • ed. Rahmät Allah ai-Hindi, izhar al-haqq. al-Qahira: Dar al-Turāth al-'Arabĩ li l-Tiba'a wa 1-Nasr, 1978.

    Schirrmacher, Christine.

    • Mit den Waffen des Gegners: Christlich-Muslimische Kontroversen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, dargestellt am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzung um Karl Gottlieb Pfanders 'mīzān al-haqq ՝ und Rahmatullah ibn Khalīl al-'Utmānī al-Kairanawls 'izhâr al-haqq ՝ und der Diskussion über das Barnabasevangelium. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1992.

    Shalaby, Ahmad,

    • muqãranat al-adyan. Vol. 2: al-masîhîya. Cairo, 2nd edition, 1965.


    Stock, Eugene.

    • "The C.M.S. Missions to Mohammedans." The Muslim World 2 (1912), pp. 122-132.
    • The History of the Church Missionary Society: Its Environment, Its Men and Its Work. 3 vols. London: Church Missionary Society, 1899-1916.



    Vander Werff, Lyle L.

    • Christian Mission to Muslims: The Record, Anglican and Reformed Approaches in India and the Near East, 1800-1938. South Pasadena, Calif.: William Carey Library, 1977.


    Waardenburg, Jacques,

    • "World religions as seen in the light of Islam." In Islam: Past Influence and Present Challenge, ed. Alford T. Welch and Pierre Cachia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1979, pp. 245-275.

    MISSIONS IN INDIA

    Bayly, C. A. + Gordon Johnson, + John F. Richards (eds.)

    • 1988 Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge: CUP., 1988

     

    Birks, Herbert.

    • The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Valpy French, First Bishop of Lahore. London: John Murray, 1895.

    • Church Missionary Society, ed. One Hundred Years, Being the Short History of the Church Missionary Society. London: Church Missionary Society, 1898.


    Dodwell, H. H., ed.

    • The Cambridge History of India, vol. 6: The Indian Empire 1858-1918. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 1932.

    Gupta, Narayani.

    • Delhi between two Empires 1803-1931 : Society, Government and Urban Growth. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981.


    Kellerhals, Emanuel.

    • Der Islam: Seine Geschichte, seine Lehre, sein Wesen. Basel: Verlag der Basler Missionsbuchhandlung, second edition 1956.
    • "A Mohammedan brought to Christ: Being the Autobiography of a Native Clergyman in India." In Evangelisches Missions-Magasin (Basel) 14 (1871), pp. 397-412.

    Neill, Stephen.

    • A History of Christianity in India 1707-1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.


    Paul, Rajaiah D.

    • Lights in the World: Life Sketches of Mattivi Sa/dar Ali and the Rev. Janni Alli [sic]. Lucknow: Lucknow Publishing House, 1969.


    Powell, Ann Avril.

    • "Maulana Rähmät Allah Kairanawî and Muslim-Christian controversy in India in the mid-nineteenth century." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20 (1976), pp. 42-63.
    •  `Contact and controversy between Islam and Christianity in northern India 1833-1857: The relations between Muslims and Protestant missionaries', Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 1991.
       

    Miscellany

    Robinson, Neal.

    • Christ in Islam and Christianity. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1991

    Smith, Wilfred Cantwell.

    • Islam in Modern History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977

    Spencer, H.

    • Islam and the Gospel of God: A Comparison of the Central Doctrines of Christianity and Islam, Prepared for the Use of Christian Workers Among Muslims. Delhi, India: S.P.C.K., 1956

    Stott, John R. & Coote, Robert, eds.

    • Down to Earth: Studies in Christianity and Culture. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1980

    Sweetman, James Windrow (1891-1966)

    English missionary in service of the British Methodist Society (India)

    Sweetman, J. Windrow.

    • News and Notes in 1941 became The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute
    • The Bible in Islam. London: The British and Foreign Bible Society, 1954
    • Islam and Christian Theology: A Study of the Interpretation of Theological Ideas in the Two Religions. 4 vols.
    • Islam and Christian Theology.
    • Islam and Christian Theology. Part II Volume I. London: Lutterworth Press, 1955
    • Islam and Christian Theology. Part II Volume II. London: Lutterworth Press, 1967
    • Islam and Christian Theology.

    Tritton, A,S.

    • Muslim Theology. London: Luzac & Co., 1947

    Van Ess, Dorothy F.

    • Pioneers in the Arab World. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, l974

    Vander Werff, Lyle L.

    • Christian Missions to Muslims. S. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, l977

    Wakin, Edward.

    • A Lonely Minority: The Modern Story of Egypt's Copts. New York: William Morrow & Company, 1963

    Williams, John Alden (Ed.)

    • Islam. New York: George Braziller, 1962

    Ye'or, Bat.

    • The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: from Jihad to Dhimmitude. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1996

    Samuel M. Zwemer (1803-1865)

    A German born evangelical of the Basel Mission, active in India...   (BDCM:532)

    Zwemer, Samuel M.

    •  1943 "Into All The World", The Great Commission: A Vindication and an Interpretation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1943
    •  1941 The Cross Above the Crescent: The Validity, Necessity and Urgency of Missions to Moslems. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1941
    • Christianity The Final Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1920
    • 1940 The Art of Listening to God: Studies in Some Neglected Values of Life, Religion and Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1940
    • The Glory of the Cross. Edinburgh: Marshall, Morgan & Scott, Ltd.
    • 1936 Taking Hold of God: Studies on the Nature, Need and Power of Prayer. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1936
    • 1905 The Moslem Doctrine of God: An Essay on the Character and Attributes of Allah According to the Koran and Orthodox Tradition. New York: American Tract Society, l905
    • 1912 The Moslem Christ: An Essay on the Life, Character, and Teachings of Jesus Christ According to the Koran and Orthodox Tradition. London: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, l9l2
    • 1907 Islam, A Challenge to Faith. New York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, l907
    • 1900 Arabia: The Cradle of Islam. (Third Edition Revised). New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., l900
    • 1908 The Moslem World. New York: Young People's Missionary Movement of the U. S. and Canada,l908
    •  Call to Prayer. London: Marshall Bros. Ltd., l924
    • 1946 Heirs of the Prophets: An Account of the Clergy and Priests of Islam, the Personnel of the Mosque and 'Holy Men'. Chicago: Moody Press, l946
    • 1944 Evangelism Today: Message Not Method. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1944
    • Zwemer, Samuel M. & Van Sommer, Annie.
    • 1907 Our Moslem Sisters: A Cry from Lands of Darkness Interpreted by Those Who Heard It. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., l907
    • Zwemer, Dr. & Mrs. Samuel M.
    • 1926 Moslem Women. North Cambridge, MA 1926

    MISCELLANY

    Madany, Bassam M.

    • The Bible and Islam: Sharing God's Word with a Muslim. Palos Heights, IL: The Back to God Hour, 1987

    Miller, Judith.

    •  God Has Ninety-nine Names: Reporting From a Militant Middle East. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1996